Command reference

Phrase FX1 and FX2, and the three Table command columns, use the same command catalog, grouped into a fixed directory when you open the selector. Instrument type controls support hints; only page-specific flow commands are filtered. A parameter is four hexadecimal nibbles, shown below as aabb, abcd, or dashes for unused digits. A command that the current player context or instrument does not implement has no effect.

In the tables below, GB tone means GB-Pulse and GB-Wave; all GB also includes GB-Noise. Noise does not follow note pitch or pitch effects.

Command	Parameter	Applies to	Implemented behavior
---	----	All	No command
ARP	abcd	Sample, Stack, Chiptune, GB tone	Cycle the original note and up to four relative-pitch offsets from a–d
CHB	abcd	Stack	Set four chord intervals as signed nibbles: 0–7 are 0–7, 8–F are −8–−1 semitones
CHD	abcd	Stack	Set four intervals 0–15 semitones below the base note
CHU	abcd	Stack	Set four intervals 0–15 semitones above the base note
CSH	aa-b	Sample, Drum, Stack, Chiptune	Sample sets drive from aa and bit-crush from b, leaving zero components unchanged; Drum, Stack, and Chiptune set bit-crush from b immediately, including zero
DLY	---b	Phrase note	Delay the note start by b ticks; 0 adds no delay
FCT	aabb	Sample	Ramp filter cutoff toward bb over aa × 4 tracker ticks; 00 applies immediately
FLT	aabb	Sample	Set cutoff aa and resonance bb immediately
FRS	aabb	Sample	Ramp filter resonance toward bb over aa × 4 tracker ticks; 00 applies immediately
GOF	----	SID, OPAL, Drum, Stack, Chiptune, all GB	Release the synth gate/envelope; Drum, Chiptune, and GB stop the voice immediately
GRV	aabb	Player, Table	Select groove bb; in a Phrase, nonzero aa applies it to all tracks, while a Table uses its local groove
HOP	Phrase: ---b; Table: aa-b	Phrase, Table	Phrase uses only destination step b, with no repeat count. Table hops to step b aa times; aa = 00 repeats indefinitely. The third digit is unused
IRT	--bb	Table	Retrigger the current instrument with signed 8-bit semitone offset bb
KIL	--bb	Player, Table	Stop the active voice after bb ticks
LEG	aabb	Sample, MIDI, Stack, Chiptune, GB tone	Slide toward pitch target bb at speed aa; MIDI uses its curved pitch-bend path
LOF	aaaa	Sample	Shift loop start and end together by the signed offset, within sample bounds
MCC	aabb	MIDI	Send Control Change number aa with value bb; both become 7-bit MIDI values
MCH	abcd	MIDI	Add four scale-aware chord offsets; a zero nibble omits that added note
MPC	--bb	MIDI	Send Program Change bb as a 7-bit value
PAN	aabb	Sample, Stack, Chiptune, all GB	Sample ramps pan toward bb over aa × 4 tracker ticks. Stack, Chiptune, and GB move by aa units per 10 ms. Zero aa applies immediately; bb = 00 is right
PFT	aabb	Sample, Stack, Chiptune, GB tone	Fine-tune toward bb at speed aa, over approximately ±1 semitone
POF	aabb	Sample	If aa is nonzero, jump to absolute fraction aa/256, then add signed relative fraction bb/256; position wraps
PSL	aabb	Sample, MIDI, Stack, Chiptune, GB tone	Slide toward pitch target bb at speed aa; MIDI uses its linear pitch-bend path
RTG	aabb	Sample, MIDI	Retrigger every bb ticks; Sample advances by offset aa per repeat, while MIDI ignores aa
SIP	aabb	Stack, Chiptune, all GB	Set voice parameter aa to byte bb; see the parameter maps below
STP	----	Table	Stop the current Table playback
TBL	--bb	Player	Start Table 00–1F for the current track
TPO	aabb	Player	Set tempo from 16-bit hexadecimal aabb, clamped to 60–400 BPM (003C–0190)
VEL	--bb	MIDI	Set following MIDI Note On velocity, limited to 00–7F
VIB	aabb	Sample, Stack, Chiptune, GB tone	Set vibrato rate aa and depth bb; 0000 disables the modulation
VOL	aabb	Sample, MIDI, Drum, Stack, Chiptune, all GB	Sample ramps volume toward bb over aa × 4 tracker ticks; MIDI sends CC 7 from bb/2; Drum, Stack, and GB set volume to bb immediately. MIDI, Drum, Stack, and GB ignore aa. Chiptune ramps over aa × 10 ms; zero aa applies immediately

Choose an available command

Hold Enter on an FX mnemonic to open FX Select. Directions move through columns of six commands without wrapping. Up and Down choose a command within a column; Left and Right choose an adjacent column. A move into a shorter column lands on its last command. Release Enter to return to the Phrase or Table. Opening and closing the selector alone leaves the command and its parameter unchanged.

Standard on the left contains the page's common commands and the shared musical effects: ARP, CSH, GOF, LEG, PAN, PFT, PSL, RTG, VIB, and VOL. Every instrument shows these effects. Unsupported effects are grey and selectable; their two-line help reads Not Supported / On This Instrument. Selecting one does not add playback support to that instrument. --- clears the cell.

The directory always has four groups, in this order. Each command appears once:

Group	Commands
Standard	Page flow commands and the shared musical effects listed above
Sample	FCT, FLT, FRS, LOF, POF
MIDI	MCC, MCH, MPC, VEL
Synth	CHB, CHD, CHU, SIP

All four groups remain accessible for every instrument. For example, you can choose MCC while editing a Sample track's shared Table; it stays grey until played by MIDI. Selecting a command never changes the instrument type.

The top bar shows the current instrument type. Directions move directly between commands, without a separate group-selection mode. The list scrolls horizontally when needed; labels and dividers move with the columns. Commands keep their positions when the instrument changes. The bottom bar shows two lines of help.

The following table lists actual playback support, across all groups:

Context	Supported commands
Phrase common	DLY, GRV, HOP, KIL, TBL, TPO
Table common	GRV, HOP, IRT, KIL, STP
Sample	ARP, CSH, FCT, FLT, FRS, LEG, LOF, PAN, PFT, POF, PSL, RTG, VIB, VOL
MIDI	LEG, MCC, MCH, MPC, PSL, RTG, VEL, VOL
SID / OPAL	GOF
Drum	CSH, GOF, VOL
Stack	ARP, CHB, CHD, CHU, CSH, GOF, LEG, PAN, PFT, PSL, SIP, VIB, VOL
Chiptune	ARP, CSH, GOF, LEG, PAN, PFT, PSL, SIP, VIB, VOL
GB-Pulse / GB-Wave	ARP, GOF, LEG, PAN, PFT, PSL, SIP, VIB, VOL
GB-Noise	GOF, PAN, SIP, VOL

Standard contains shared musical effects and Phrase commands. Sample filter and offset commands appear next; MIDI and Synth remain accessible by scrolling right.

The directory has the same order with or without an instrument reference. The top bar shows -- when its type cannot be resolved.

SID shows the same Standard list. Its supported GOF command is bright; unsupported musical effects are grey.

--- is always available. In a Phrase, a blank INS inherits the nearest explicit instrument at or above that row in the same phrase. If none exists, the type label reads -- and instrument support is unresolved. The directory remains complete; it does not guess which instrument might arrive from a different phrase during playback.

A Phrase Table follows the effective instrument on the invoking TBL row. An Instrument Table follows the instrument whose table assignment matches the open table. If you browse to an unrelated table or enter without a matching reference, the instrument context is unresolved and the top bar shows --. Shared tables may behave differently when played by another instrument.

Changing an instrument or pasting an FX does not remove or convert existing commands. Opening the selector focuses the current command at its normal position in the directory, including an unsupported command. It is never moved before --- or duplicated. Unsupported selections use an outline, with Not Supported and On This Instrument in the help bar. They remain selectable after reopening.

Phrase-only commands (DLY, TBL, TPO) and Table-only commands (IRT, STP) are normally omitted on the other page. If an existing cell contains one from the other page, it is retained in its alphabetic Standard position for that gesture.

A MIDI command remains in the project after switching to Sample. The selector explains that Sample cannot execute it.

Unselected incompatible FX pairs are also dimmed in the Phrase/Table grid. Unsupported commands have no effect on that instrument during playback. Command IDs, parameters, and saved project data keep their existing meaning. Play has no action while the selector is open.

Voice parameter commands

SIP aabb changes the playing voice on that track. It does not rewrite the instrument settings. A new note trigger restores the saved parameters. Unknown parameter indices are ignored. Values below use hexadecimal indices and ranges; signed bytes use two's complement (FF = −1, 80 = −128).

While selecting or editing SIP, the help bar resolves the high byte against the actual instrument type and shows its parameter name, current value, and range. For example, SIP 0300 shows 03 Attack on Stack and 03 Noise Burst on Chiptune. An unknown parameter index is labelled as ignored. With an unresolved instrument, help explains that the parameter map depends on the instrument.

In Phrase and Table, holding Enter on the four-digit value keeps this information visible beside compact Digit / Value controls. The parameter number and name are highlighted while you edit aa; the value is highlighted while you edit bb. The name updates immediately when aa changes. For an unresolved instrument, the editing bar shows Parameter aa instead of an engine-specific name.

Hold Enter on the value and select either digit in aa to highlight the parameter number and name.

Moving to bb highlights the value. Parameter 03 is Noise Burst on Chiptune and Attack on Stack.

aa	Stack parameter	Chiptune parameter
00	Wave, 00–06	Wave, 00–07
01	Transpose, signed semitones	Transpose, signed semitones
02	Voice volume, 00–FF	Voice volume, 00–FF
03	Attack, 00–FF	Noise burst length, 00–FF
04	Decay, 00–FF	Arpeggio speed, 00–22
05	Sustain, 00–FF	Length, 00 = unlimited
06	Release, 00–FF	Attack, 00–FF
07	Spread, 00–FF	Decay, 00–FF
08	Brightness, 00–0C	Automatic vibrato delay, 00–FF
09	Pitch decay, 00–FF	Vibrato depth, 00–FF
0A	—	Sweep time, 00–FF
0B	—	Sweep amount, signed byte

GB types use a different SIP parameter map: 00 is duty on Pulse, output level on Wave, and noise shape on Noise. All use 02 for volume and 03 for length. Pulse/Noise use 04 for the envelope; Pulse also uses 05 for sweep. Wave indices 10–2F edit its 32 individual 4-bit samples. GB-Noise has no transpose parameter.

For example, SIP 010C transposes a Stack or Chiptune voice up an octave. CHU 047C sets a major chord with an octave; CHB C047 sets the additional voices to −4, 0, 4, and 7 semitones. SIP transpose preserves the current chord.

Stack ARP transposes the whole chord once per tracker tick. Chiptune ARP uses its ARP SPEED field: higher values are faster. For both, the base note is included and trailing zero nibbles are omitted; ARP 0000 returns to the base pitch.

On Stack, Chiptune, GB-Pulse, and GB-Wave, PSL interprets bb as a signed semitone target relative to the base pitch. LEG aa00 starts from the previous sounding pitch and returns to the new note's pitch. PFT interprets signed bb as a fraction of a semitone (128 units per semitone). These slides take aa control ticks at 100 Hz; aa = 00 applies the target immediately. Their pitch modulation can combine with chord offsets, arpeggio, and vibrato.

Synth PAN uses 00 for right, 80 for center, and FF for left. aa is the step size at 100 Hz; zero applies immediately. VIB timing is independent of song tempo. Depth ranges differ: Sample's maximum changes playback rate by about ±25%; Stack, Chiptune, GB-Pulse, and GB-Wave use roughly one semitone at full depth.

GB-Pulse and GB-Wave advance ARP on tracker ticks, like Stack. GB VOL always applies its low byte immediately; only Chiptune implements the aa × 10 ms volume ramp. GB pitch is quantized by its period calculation, so a smooth change in the target need not produce a smooth frequency change.

New commands use additional NullPerator IDs; existing commands, including MIDI MCH, keep their IDs. Existing projects load without conversion. Projects that use Chiptune or the new commands need this firmware or later; these additions do not provide direct compatibility with copingTracker project files.

The selector filter itself does not change playback. Newly implemented effects can change the sound of existing steps that already contained an unsupported command: for example, Stack now executes an ARP that older versions ignored. The command and parameter remain exactly as stored.

HOP: destination and repeats

The selector help follows the page. Phrase shows HOP ---b: only the last hexadecimal digit chooses a destination row, 0–F; the first three digits have no effect. When playback reaches a HOP row, Song/Chain playback advances to that row in the next phrase. Phrase playback jumps within the current phrase. There is no Phrase repeat count.

Table shows HOP aa-b. For example, HOP 02A5 jumps to row 5 twice, then falls through to the next row on the third visit. A is unused. HOP 00A5 keeps jumping to row 5. While editing, the bar shows Repeat 02 and Step 5; selecting the unused third digit keeps both values visible.

An unused digit is marked explicitly. The displayed jump destination stays 5.

Sample VOL, PAN, FCT, and FRS show Time for the high byte: increasing it lengthens the ramp (01 is four tracker ticks). Chiptune VOL and Stack/Chiptune pitch slides use 10 ms units. These descriptions reflect the existing playback behavior; they do not change stored commands or timing.

Editing command fields

Left and Right move between a command mnemonic and its parameter field. Changing a mnemonic updates the help text for that command. Hold Enter on a parameter to address and adjust an individual hexadecimal digit.

Parameters are hexadecimal even when their musical meaning is a decimal count. For example, TPO 0078 is 120 BPM and KIL --0C is 12 ticks.

While you hold Enter, the left side of the two-line bottom bar explains the current command's fields and values. Digit / Value controls stay on the right. The field containing the focused digit is highlighted. For paired-byte commands, both fields remain visible: Sample VOL shows Time / Volume, FLT shows Cutoff / Resonance, and MIDI MCC shows CC / Value.

Moving between the two bytes highlights the field you are changing.

The explanation follows the active instrument and page. MIDI VOL shows its outgoing CC 7 value; Drum, Stack, and GB VOL use only the low byte. Table HOP shows the repeat count and destination step, while Phrase HOP uses only the destination step. An unresolved instrument uses Per engine for fields whose behavior depends on the eventual instrument.

Table HOP exposes both the repeat count and destination without hiding the edit controls.

Whole values can show their decoded meaning: TPO 0078 displays 120 BPM, including the player's 60–400 BPM clamp. MIDI fields show the effective 7-bit values. Arpeggios and chords show individual offsets and highlight the one being edited; a dash marks an omitted note. These explanations do not rewrite the stored hexadecimal value.

Selecting an unused digit shows Unused digit while preserving the actual parameter values. The unused digit never replaces a displayed jump destination, volume, or other target. GOF and STP show No parameter. Unsupported commands keep Not Supported / On This Instrument beside the controls. Empty FX cells keep the plain editing legend.

Context details

• Phrase commands are evaluated with the Phrase note on the same step. DLY therefore affects note start timing rather than delaying the command row.
• KIL in a Table schedules the same player-side delayed stop as Phrase KIL; it is not forwarded to an instrument for an immediate stop. STP stops Table processing safely from any command column.
• Table columns advance independently. HOP and STP operate on Table playback state, while instrument commands are forwarded to the instrument.
• GRV in a Table masks the selected groove to the available 00–1F range.
• IRT interprets 80–FF as negative offsets. For example, FF is −1 semitone.
• Pitch targets and speeds preserve the historical tracker command encoding; they are not MIDI cents or milliseconds.